Interduction to Networking

In information technology, networking is the construction, design, and use of a network,
including the physical (cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router, and so forth),
the selection and use of telecommunication protocol and computer software for using and managing the network,
and the establishment of operation policies and procedures related to the network.



The physical connection—A physical connection to a network is made by connecting a specialized expansion card, such as a modem or a network interface card (NIC), to a PC with a cable.
The logical connection—The logical connection uses standards called protocols.
A protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network communicate.
The TCP/IP suite is the primary protocol used on the Internet.


TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that work together to send and receive data.
Applications—The application that interprets the data and displays the information in a comprehensible format is the last part of the connection.
A web browser displays HTML as a web page.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to download files and programs from the Internet.



TCP/IP is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network.
To enable TCP/IP on the workstation, it must be configured using the operating system tools.
The PC requires an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS (domain name server) information.




These can be assigned manually or obtained from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.
The process is similar whether you’re using a Windows or Apple Macintosh operating system.



Ping is a program that is useful for verifying a successful TCP/IP installation.
Ping stands for Packet Internet Groper.
The ping command works by sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination.
The output response for a ping contains the success ratio and round-trip time to the destination.